{"id":831,"date":"2021-10-28T05:33:48","date_gmt":"2021-10-28T05:33:48","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/smartlabhub.nvf.vn\/?p=831"},"modified":"2022-04-16T16:08:02","modified_gmt":"2022-04-16T16:08:02","slug":"nhung-dieu-can-biet-ve-ty-trong-ke-2","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.smartlabhub.com.vn\/smart-blog\/nhung-dieu-can-biet-ve-ty-trong-ke-2\/","title":{"rendered":"NH\u1eeeNG \u0110I\u1ec0U C\u1ea6N BI\u1ebeT V\u1ec0 T\u1ef6 TR\u1eccNG K\u1ebe"},"content":{"rendered":"

NH\u1eeeNG \u0110I\u1ec0U C\u1ea6N BI\u1ebeT V\u1ec0 T\u1ef6 TR\u1eccNG K\u1ebe<\/b><\/a> <\/b>– Khi nh\u1eafc \u0111\u1ebfn nh\u1eefng d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee5 ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn trong c\u00e1c ph\u00f2ng th\u00ed nghi\u1ec7m, th\u00ec kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 kh\u00f4ng nh\u1eafc t\u1edbi d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee5 r\u1ea5t ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn, \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 t\u1ef7 tr\u1ecdng k\u1ebf.<\/p>\n

T\u1ef7 tr\u1ecdng k\u1ebf l\u00e0 g\u00ec?<\/h3>\n

T\u1ef7 tr\u1ecdng k\u1ebf<\/span>\u00a0l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee5 \u0111o l\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ec3 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh kh\u1ed1i l\u01b0\u1ee3ng ri\u00eang c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t ch\u1ea5t l\u1ecfng. N\u00f3 th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u00e0m b\u1eb1ng th\u1ee7y tinh c\u00f3 h\u00ecnh tr\u1ee5 v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ea7u c\u00f3 qu\u1ea3 b\u00f3ng ch\u1ee9a th\u1ee7y ng\u00e2n hay kim lo\u1ea1i n\u1eb7ng \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1eef n\u00f3 n\u1eb1m th\u1eb3ng \u0111\u1ee9ng. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta s\u1ebd s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng\u00a0<\/span>t\u1ef7 tr\u1ecdng k\u1ebf<\/span>\u00a0\u0111\u1ec3 \u0111o\u00a0<\/span>t\u1ef7 tr\u1ecdng<\/span>\u00a0dung d\u1ecbch \u0111i\u1ec7n ph\u00e2n.<\/span><\/p>\n

T\u1ef7 tr\u1ecdng k\u1ebf (c\u00f2n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 th\u1ee7y l\u1ef1c) \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn trong ph\u00f2ng th\u00ed nghi\u1ec7m v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng quan tr\u1ecdng, ch\u00fang \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c hi\u1ec7u chu\u1ea9n v\u00e0 chia \u0111\u1ed9 v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t ho\u1eb7c nhi\u1ec1u thang \u0111o gi\u1ed1ng tr\u1ecdng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng ri\u00eang.<\/p>\n

Ngu\u1ed3n g\u1ed1c<\/h3>\n

V\u00e0o cu\u1ed1i th\u1ebf k\u1ec9 IV \u0111\u1ea7u th\u1ebf k\u1ec9 V, Hypatia l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t nh\u00e0 tri\u1ebft h\u1ecdc ng\u01b0\u1eddi Hy L\u1ea1p \u0111\u00e3 s\u00e1ng ch\u1ebf ra chi\u1ebfc t\u1ef7 tr\u1ecdng k\u1ebf (hay c\u00f2n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 th\u1ee7y l\u1ef1c) \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean.<\/p>\n

N\u00f3 d\u1ea1ng h\u00ecnh \u1ed1ng tr\u1ee5, g\u1ea7n gi\u1ed1ng m\u1ed9t c\u00e2y s\u00e1o v\u00e0 k\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc c\u0169ng t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1 nh\u01b0 v\u1eady. N\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf c\u00f3 th\u00eam c\u00e1c r\u00e3nh \u1edf \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng vu\u00f4ng g\u00f3c d\u1ecdc th\u00e2n \u1ed1ng, nh\u1edd \u0111\u00f3 ch\u00fang ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng ki\u1ec3m tra tr\u1ecdng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee7a n\u01b0\u1edbc. M\u1ed9t n\u1eafp c\u00f3 h\u00ecnh n\u00f3n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1eafn ch\u1eb7t v\u1edbi \u1ed1ng. Khi ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1eb7t \u1ed1ng v\u00e0o trong n\u01b0\u1edbc, \u1ed1ng s\u1ebd ch\u00ecm ngay xu\u1ed1ng m\u1ed9t kho\u1ea3ng. S\u1ed1 r\u00e3nh \u0111\u00e3 ch\u00ecm trong n\u01b0\u1edbc ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 tr\u1ecdng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee7a n\u01b0\u1edbc.<\/p>\n

Thang \u0111o<\/h3>\n

\"Thang<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

\u0110\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e2n ra th\u00e0nh 5 lo\u1ea1i:<\/p>\n

\u2022\u00a0\u00a0 \u00a0API tr\u1ecdng l\u1ef1c: Th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng trong c\u00e1c ng\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p d\u1ea7u kh\u00ed.<\/p>\n

\u2022\u00a0\u00a0 \u00a0Thang \u0111o Baume: \u0110\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u00f9ng trong c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p h\u00f3a ch\u1ea5t v\u00e0 y d\u01b0\u1ee3c.<\/p>\n

\u2022\u00a0\u00a0 \u00a0C\u00e2n Brix: H\u1ea7u h\u1ebft \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng trong n\u01b0\u1edbc \u00e9p tr\u00e1i c\u00e2y, s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t r\u01b0\u1ee3u vang v\u00e0 trong c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng.<\/p>\n

\u2022\u00a0\u00a0 \u00a0Quy m\u00f4 Plato: \u0110\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ec3 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t bia.<\/p>\n

\u2022\u00a0\u00a0 \u00a0Thang \u0111o Twaddell: S\u1eed d\u1ee5ng trong c\u00e1c ng\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p t\u1ea9y, nhu\u1ed9m.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

C\u1ea5u t\u1ea1o c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n<\/h3>\n

\"C\u1ea5u<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

T\u1ef7 tr\u1ecdng k\u1ebf g\u1ed3m c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t \u1ed1ng th\u1ee7y tinh r\u1ed7ng k\u00edn, ph\u1ea7n \u0111\u00e1y h\u01a1i ph\u00ecnh ra, ph\u1ea7n trong c\u00f3 ch\u1ee9a ch\u00ec ho\u1eb7c th\u1ee7y ng\u00e2n \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ef1 \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u00e0 l\u00e0m cho n\u00f3 ch\u00ecm trong ch\u1ea5t l\u1ecfng.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

M\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 lo\u1ea1i t\u1ef7 tr\u1ecdng k\u1ebf ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn hi\u1ec7n nay<\/h3>\n

C\u00f3 r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u lo\u1ea1i v\u1edbi nhi\u1ec1u m\u1eabu m\u00e3, k\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111a d\u1ea1ng. Trong \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 lo\u1ea1i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn r\u1ed9ng r\u00e3i hi\u1ec7n nay \u0111i\u1ec3n h\u00ecnh nh\u01b0:<\/p>\n

–\u00a0\u00a0 \u00a0M\u00e1y \u0111o \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ed3n<\/h4>\n

M\u00e1y \u0111o \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ed3n cho bi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ed3n c\u1ee7a ch\u1ea5t l\u1ecfng m\u00e0 v\u1ec1 c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n l\u00e0 h\u1ed7n h\u1ee3p c\u1ee7a r\u01b0\u1ee3u v\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc. N\u00f3 c\u00f2n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 t\u1ef7 tr\u1ecdng k\u1ebf b\u1eb1ng ch\u1ee9ng v\u00e0 Tralles. N\u00f3 \u0111o m\u1eadt \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ee7a ch\u1ea5t l\u1ecfng. M\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 gi\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u01b0a ra \u0111\u1ec3 \u01b0\u1edbc t\u00ednh l\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ed3n c\u00f3 trong ch\u1ea5t l\u1ecfng. M\u00e1y \u0111o \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ed3n c\u00f3 thang \u0111o \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u00e1nh d\u1ea5u b\u1eb1ng ph\u1ea7n tr\u0103m th\u1ec3 t\u00edch c\u1ee7a “c\u1ed3n ti\u1ec1m n\u0103ng”; d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean tr\u1ecdng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng ri\u00eang \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00ednh to\u00e1n tr\u01b0\u1edbc. Ch\u1ec9 s\u1ed1 “c\u1ed3n ti\u1ec1m n\u0103ng” cao h\u01a1n tr\u00ean thang n\u00e0y l\u00e0 do tr\u1ecdng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng ri\u00eang l\u1edbn h\u01a1n, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ecbnh l\u00e0 do \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng h\u00f2a tan ho\u1eb7c v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u g\u1ed1c carbohydrate. S\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ecdc \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n tr\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0 sau khi l\u00ean men v\u00e0 n\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ed3n g\u1ea7n \u0111\u00fang \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch tr\u1eeb s\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ecdc sau l\u00ean men cho s\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ecdc tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi l\u00ean men.<\/p>\n

–\u00a0\u00a0 \u00a0M\u00e1y \u0111o s\u1eefa<\/h4>\n

M\u00e1y \u0111o \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng s\u1eefa \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ec3 ki\u1ec3m tra \u0111\u1ed9 tinh khi\u1ebft c\u1ee7a s\u1eefa b\u00f2. Tr\u1ecdng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng ri\u00eang c\u1ee7a s\u1eefa kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0a ra d\u1ea5u hi\u1ec7u k\u1ebft lu\u1eadn v\u1ec1 th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 v\u00ec s\u1eefa ch\u1ee9a nhi\u1ec1u ch\u1ea5t n\u1eb7ng h\u01a1n ho\u1eb7c nh\u1eb9 h\u01a1n n\u01b0\u1edbc. C\u00e1c x\u00e9t nghi\u1ec7m b\u1ed5 sung v\u1ec1 h\u00e0m l\u01b0\u1ee3ng ch\u1ea5t b\u00e9o l\u00e0 c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ec3 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n t\u1ed5ng th\u1ec3. Nh\u1ea1c c\u1ee5 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c chia th\u00e0nh tr\u0103m ph\u1ea7n. S\u1eefa \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ed5 v\u00e0o v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ec3 y\u00ean cho \u0111\u1ebfn khi kem h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh, khi \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u1ed9 s\u00e2u c\u1ee7a c\u1eb7n kem t\u00ednh theo \u0111\u1ed9 s\u1ebd quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee7a s\u1eefa. N\u1ebfu m\u1eabu s\u1eefa nguy\u00ean ch\u1ea5t, th\u00ec m\u00e1y \u0111o \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng s\u1eefa n\u1ed5i; n\u1ebfu n\u00f3 b\u1ecb pha t\u1ea1p ch\u1ea5t ho\u1eb7c kh\u00f4ng tinh khi\u1ebft, m\u00e1y \u0111o \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng s\u1eefa s\u1ebd ch\u00ecm.<\/p>\n

–\u00a0\u00a0 \u00a0Saccharometer (\u0111\u1eebng nh\u1ea7m l\u1eabn v\u1edbi m\u00e1y \u0111o \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng h\u00f3a)<\/h4>\n

Thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb \u0111o \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t t\u1ef7 tr\u1ecdng k\u1ebf \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ec3 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh l\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng trong dung d\u1ecbch, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e1t minh b\u1edfi Thomas Thomson.[11] N\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu b\u1edfi th\u1ee3 n\u1ea5u r\u01b0\u1ee3u v\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u1ea5u bia,[12] v\u00e0 n\u00f3 c\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0m sorbets v\u00e0 kem. M\u00e1y \u0111o \u0111\u1ed9 \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean c\u1ee7a nh\u00e0 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t bia \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ebf t\u1ea1o b\u1edfi Benjamin Martin (c\u00f3 l\u01b0u \u00fd \u0111\u1ebfn vi\u1ec7c ch\u01b0ng c\u1ea5t) v\u00e0 ban \u0111\u1ea7u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c James Baverstock Sr s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ec3 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t bia v\u00e0o n\u0103m 1770. Henry Thrale \u0111\u00e3 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng n\u00f3 v\u00e0 sau \u0111\u00f3 n\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn b\u1edfi John Richardson v\u00e0o n\u0103m 1784.<\/p>\n

N\u00f3 bao g\u1ed3m m\u1ed9t b\u1ea7u th\u1ee7y tinh c\u00f3 tr\u1ecdng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng l\u1edbn v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t th\u00e2n m\u1ecfng nh\u00f4 l\u00ean t\u1eeb ph\u00eda tr\u00ean v\u1edbi c\u00e1c d\u1ea5u hi\u1ec7u \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c hi\u1ec7u chu\u1ea9n. M\u1ee9c \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch \u0111\u1ecdc gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb m\u00e0 b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t c\u1ee7a ch\u1ea5t l\u1ecfng v\u01b0\u1ee3t qua thang \u0111o. H\u00e0m l\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng c\u00e0ng cao th\u00ec dung d\u1ecbch c\u00e0ng \u0111\u1eb7c v\u00e0 do \u0111\u00f3, b\u00f3ng \u0111\u00e8n s\u1ebd n\u1ed5i c\u00e0ng cao.<\/p>\n

–\u00a0\u00a0 \u00a0Nhi\u1ec7t k\u1ebf<\/h4>\n

Nhi\u1ec7t k\u1ebf l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t t\u1ef7 tr\u1ecdng k\u1ebf c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec7t k\u1ebf k\u00e8m theo ph\u1ea7n phao. \u0110\u1ec3 \u0111o t\u1ef7 tr\u1ecdng c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m d\u1ea7u m\u1ecf, ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n nh\u01b0 d\u1ea7u nhi\u00ean li\u1ec7u; m\u1eabu th\u1eed th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u00e0m n\u00f3ng trong m\u1ed9t \u00e1o kho\u00e1c nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 v\u1edbi nhi\u1ec7t k\u1ebf \u0111\u1eb7t ph\u00eda sau v\u00ec t\u1ef7 tr\u1ecdng ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9. D\u1ea7u nh\u1eb9 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1eb7t trong c\u00e1c v\u1ecf l\u00e0m m\u00e1t, th\u01b0\u1eddng \u1edf 15 \u00b0 C. C\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i d\u1ea7u r\u1ea5t nh\u1eb9 c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n d\u1ec5 bay h\u01a1i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111o trong m\u1ed9t b\u00ecnh ch\u1ee9a c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u00edch thay \u0111\u1ed5i b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng m\u1ed9t \u1ed1ng n\u1ed5i p\u00edt t\u00f4ng thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb l\u1ea5y m\u1eabu \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3m thi\u1ec3u t\u1ed5n th\u1ea5t cu\u1ed1i \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng.<\/p>\n

–\u00a0\u00a0 \u00a0T\u1ef7 tr\u1ecdng k\u1ebf pin<\/h4>\n

Tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i ph\u1ee5 tr\u00e1ch c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t axit ch\u00ec pin c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u01b0\u1edbc t\u00ednh t\u1eeb t\u1ef7 tr\u1ecdng c\u1ee7a dung d\u1ecbch axit sunfuric \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng nh\u01b0 ch\u1ea5t \u0111i\u1ec7n gi\u1ea3i. T\u1ef7 tr\u1ecdng k\u1ebf \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c hi\u1ec7u chu\u1ea9n \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ecdc tr\u1ecdng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng ri\u00eang so v\u1edbi n\u01b0\u1edbc \u1edf 60 \u00b0 F (16 \u00b0 C) l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n \u0111\u1ec3 b\u1ea3o d\u01b0\u1ee1ng \u1eafc quy \u00f4 t\u00f4. B\u1ea3ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7u ch\u1ec9nh s\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ecdc v\u1ec1 nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n. N\u00f3 c\u0169ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ec3 b\u1ea3o d\u01b0\u1ee1ng pin niken-cadmium t\u1ebf b\u00e0o \u01b0\u1edbt \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o ch\u1ea5t \u0111i\u1ec7n ph\u00e2n c\u00f3 c\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ed9 th\u00edch h\u1ee3p cho \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng; \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc pin n\u00e0y, tr\u1ecdng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng ri\u00eang c\u1ee7a ch\u1ea5t \u0111i\u1ec7n ph\u00e2n kh\u00f4ng li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i t\u00edch \u0111i\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a pin.<\/p>\n

–\u00a0\u00a0 T\u1ef7 tr\u1ecdng k\u1ebf d\u00f9ng pin c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec7t k\u1ebf (nhi\u1ec7t k\u1ebf)<\/h4>\n

\u0110o tr\u1ecdng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng ri\u00eang \u0111\u00e3 b\u00f9 nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 v\u00e0 nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 ch\u1ea5t \u0111i\u1ec7n ph\u00e2n.<\/p>\n

–\u00a0\u00a0 \u00a0M\u00e1y ki\u1ec3m tra ch\u1ea5t ch\u1ed1ng \u0111\u00f4ng<\/h4>\n

M\u1ed9t \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng \u00f4 t\u00f4 kh\u00e1c c\u1ee7a t\u1ef7 tr\u1ecdng k\u1ebf l\u00e0 ki\u1ec3m tra ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee7a ch\u1ea5t ch\u1ed1ng \u0111\u00f4ng dung d\u1ecbch d\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0m m\u00e1t \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u01a1. M\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 ch\u1ed1ng \u0111\u00f4ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1eadt \u0111\u1ed9 (v\u00e0 n\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1ed9) c\u1ee7a ch\u1ea5t ch\u1ed1ng \u0111\u00f4ng; c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i ch\u1ea5t ch\u1ed1ng \u0111\u00f4ng kh\u00e1c nhau c\u00f3 quan h\u1ec7 kh\u00e1c nhau gi\u1eefa t\u1ef7 tr\u1ecdng \u0111o \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec3m \u0111\u00f3ng b\u0103ng.<\/p>\n

–\u00a0\u00a0 \u00a0M\u00e1y \u0111o axit<\/h4>\n

M\u00e1y \u0111o axit (\u0111\u00f4i khi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u00e1nh v\u1ea7n l\u00e0 axit k\u1ebf) l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t t\u1ef7 tr\u1ecdng k\u1ebf \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111o tr\u1ecdng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng ri\u00eang c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t axit.<\/p>\n

–\u00a0\u00a0 \u00a0Barkometer<\/h4>\n

M\u1ed9t m\u00e1y \u0111o v\u1ecf \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c hi\u1ec7u chu\u1ea9n \u0111\u1ec3 ki\u1ec3m tra \u0111\u1ed9 b\u1ec1n c\u1ee7a r\u01b0\u1ee3u thu\u1ed9c da \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng trong thu\u1ed9c da da.<\/p>\n

–\u00a0\u00a0 \u00a0M\u00e1y \u0111o \u0111\u1ed9 m\u1eb7n<\/h4>\n

Salinometer l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t t\u1ef7 tr\u1ecdng k\u1ebf d\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111o h\u00e0m l\u01b0\u1ee3ng mu\u1ed1i trong n\u01b0\u1edbc c\u1ea5p v\u00e0o n\u1ed3i h\u01a1i h\u00e0ng h\u1ea3i.<\/p>\n

–\u00a0\u00a0 \u00a0M\u00e1y \u0111o n\u01b0\u1edbc ti\u1ec3u<\/h4>\n

A m\u00e1y \u0111o n\u01b0\u1edbc ti\u1ec3u l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t t\u1ef7 tr\u1ecdng k\u1ebf y t\u1ebf \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf cho ph\u00e2n t\u00edch n\u01b0\u1edbc ti\u1ec3u. V\u00ec tr\u1ecdng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng ri\u00eang n\u01b0\u1edbc ti\u1ec3u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c quy \u0111\u1ecbnh b\u1edfi t\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 ch\u1ea5t h\u00f2a tan (ch\u1ea5t th\u1ea3i) so v\u1edbi n\u01b0\u1edbc. M\u00e1y \u0111o n\u01b0\u1edbc ti\u1ec3u c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 nhanh ch\u00f3ng \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 hydrat h\u00f3a t\u1ed5ng th\u1ec3 c\u1ee7a b\u1ec7nh nh\u00e2n.<\/p>\n

Nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n<\/h3>\n

\"Nguy\u00ean<\/p>\n

T\u1ef7 tr\u1ecdng k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng d\u1ef1a v\u00e0o nguy\u00ean l\u00fd l\u1ef1c \u0111\u1ea9y Acsimet.<\/p>\n

\u2022\u00a0\u00a0 \u00a0M\u1ed9t v\u1eadt r\u1eafn khi \u1edf trong ch\u1ea5t l\u1ecfng s\u1ebd n\u1ed5i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1edd v\u00e0o m\u1ed9t l\u1ef1c \u0111\u1ea9y b\u1eb1ng v\u1edbi ph\u1ea7n ch\u1ea5t l\u1ecfng b\u1ecb chi\u1ebfm ch\u1ed7 b\u1edfi ph\u1ea7n ch\u00ecm c\u1ee7a v\u1eadt r\u1eafn.<\/p>\n

\u2022\u00a0\u00a0 \u00a0L\u1ef1c \u0111\u1ea9y n\u00e0y c\u00f3 c\u00f9ng ph\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u01b0\u1edbng so v\u1edbi tr\u1ecdng l\u1ef1c.<\/p>\n

\u2022\u00a0\u00a0 \u00a0N\u1ebfu m\u1eadt \u0111\u1ed9 ch\u1ea5t l\u1ecfng c\u00e0ng th\u1ea5p th\u00ec t\u1ef7 tr\u1ecdng k\u1ebf c\u1ee7a tr\u1ecdng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c cho tr\u01b0\u1edbc c\u00e0ng gi\u1ea3m. N\u1ebfu m\u1eadt \u0111\u1ed9 ch\u1ea5t l\u1ecfng c\u00e0ng cao th\u00ec t\u1ef7 tr\u1ecdng k\u1ebf c\u1ee7a tr\u1ecdng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng cho tr\u01b0\u1edbc s\u1ebd c\u00e0ng t\u0103ng. V\u1eadt s\u1ebd n\u1ed5i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c khi tr\u1ecdng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng ri\u00eang c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 b\u00e9 h\u01a1n tr\u1ecdng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng ri\u00eang c\u1ee7a n\u01b0\u1edbc.<\/p>\n

\u2022\u00a0\u00a0 \u00a0Khi \u1edf trong x\u0103ng, d\u1ea7u h\u1ecfa, r\u01b0\u1ee3u, t\u1ef7 tr\u1ecdng k\u1ebf s\u1ebd ch\u00ecm s\u00e2u h\u01a1n. V\u00e0 khi \u1edf trong n\u01b0\u1edbc mu\u1ed1i, s\u1eefa, axit, t\u1ef7 tr\u1ecdng k\u1ebf s\u1ebd n\u1ed5i nhi\u1ec1u h\u01a1n.<\/p>\n

H\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng<\/h3>\n

\u2022\u00a0\u00a0 \u00a0Cho ch\u1ea5t l\u1ecfng t\u1eeb t\u1eeb v\u00e0o th\u00f9ng ch\u1ee9a cao, t\u1ed1t nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 n\u00ean ch\u1ecdn b\u00ecnh chia \u0111\u1ed9. Ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u1eb7t b\u00ecnh n\u00e0y tr\u00ean m\u1ed9t m\u1eb7t ph\u1eb3ng nh\u1eb5n, kh\u00f4ng cho rung chuy\u1ec3n.<\/p>\n

\u2022\u00a0\u00a0 \u00a0\u0110\u1ec3 t\u1ef7 tr\u1ecdng k\u1ebf m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch nh\u1eb9 nh\u00e0ng v\u00e0o b\u00ean trong ch\u1ea5t l\u1ecfng. \u0110\u1ebfn khi n\u00e0o t\u1ef7 tr\u1ecdng \u0111\u00e3 gi\u1eef th\u0103ng b\u1eb1ng, ng\u1eebng x\u00ea d\u1ecbch b\u00ean trong ch\u1ea5t l\u1ecfng \u0111\u00f3<\/p>\n

\u2022\u00a0\u00a0 \u00a0V\u1ecb tr\u00ed m\u00e0 b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t ch\u1ea5t l\u1ecfng ti\u1ebfp x\u00fac v\u1edbi th\u00e2n c\u1ee7a t\u1ef7 tr\u1ecdng k\u1ebf s\u1ebd t\u01b0\u01a1ng quan \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1eadt \u0111\u1ed9 t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ed1i hay ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 c\u1ea7n \u0111o. T\u00f9y v\u00e0o t\u00ednh t\u01b0\u01a1ng quan v\u1edbi m\u1eadt \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ee7a ch\u1ea5t l\u1ecfng m\u00e0 n\u00f3 s\u1ebd \u0111\u1ea1t b\u1ea5t k\u00ec gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb n\u00e0o.<\/p>\n

\u1ee8ng d\u1ee5ng<\/h3>\n

\"\u1ee8ng<\/p>\n

Th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng kh\u00e1 r\u1ed9ng r\u00e3i trong ng\u00e0nh s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t nh\u1eefng ch\u1ea5t l\u1ecfng th\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1ea1i. Ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n nh\u01b0: n\u01b0\u1edbc ng\u1ecdt, r\u01b0\u1ee3u van, c\u1ed3n,\u2026v\u1edbi c\u00f4ng d\u1ee5ng gi\u00fap \u0111o n\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ed3n.<\/p>\n

L\u00e0 d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee5 quan tr\u1ecdng kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 thi\u1ebfu trong ph\u00f2ng th\u00ed nghi\u1ec7m. Gi\u00fap ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng, nhanh ch\u00f3ng, ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c kh\u1ed1i l\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee7a ch\u1ea5t l\u1ecfng c\u1ea7n \u0111o.<\/p>\n

Gi\u00fap \u0111o l\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ed9 tinh khi\u1ebft c\u1ee7a s\u1eefa b\u00f2. N\u1ebfu s\u1eefa c\u00e0ng nguy\u00ean ch\u1ea5t, \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng th\u00ec t\u1ef7 tr\u1ecdng k\u1ebf s\u1ebd c\u00e0ng n\u1ed5i l\u00ean.<\/p>\n

D\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111o Axit Sunfuric, d\u1ea7u m\u1ecf.<\/p>\n

L\u01b0u \u00fd khi b\u1ea3o qu\u1ea3n v\u00e0 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng<\/h3>\n

\u2022\u00a0\u00a0 \u00a0C\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i b\u1ea3o qu\u1ea3n \u1edf nh\u1eefng n\u01a1i kh\u00f4 r\u00e1o, tho\u00e1ng m\u00e1t, tr\u00e1nh \u00e1nh n\u1eafng tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp.<\/p>\n

\u2022\u00a0\u00a0 \u00a0C\u00e1c b\u00ecnh ch\u1ee9a ch\u1ea5t l\u1ecfng c\u1ea7n \u0111o ph\u1ea3i b\u1ea3o \u0111\u1ea3m \u0111\u1ee7 chi\u1ec1u cao. Khi \u0111o ph\u1ea3i gi\u1eef ch\u00fang c\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ecbnh, kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ec3 x\u00ea d\u1ecbch.<\/p>\n

\u2022\u00a0\u00a0 \u00a0Khi cho ch\u1ea5t l\u1ecfng v\u00e0 t\u1ef7 tr\u1ecdng k\u1ebf v\u00e0o b\u00ecnh c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i th\u1eadt nh\u1eb9 nh\u00e0ng v\u00e0 c\u1ea9n th\u1eadn. Ch\u1edd cho \u0111\u1ebfn khi t\u1ef7 tr\u1ecdng k\u1ebf trong b\u00ecnh kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed9ng n\u1eefa m\u1edbi \u0111\u1ecdc k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3.<\/p>\n

Nh\u1eefng lo\u1ea1i t\u1ef7 tr\u1ecdng k\u1ebf \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng nhi\u1ec1u nh\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n nay<\/h3>\n

\u2022\u00a0\u00a0 \u00a0T\u1ef7 tr\u1ecdng k\u1ebf \u0111o \u0111\u1ed9 m\u1eb7n<\/h4>\n

\u0110\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng nhi\u1ec1u nh\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n nay b\u1edfi n\u00f3 c\u00f3 t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng \u0111a d\u1ea1ng. Chuy\u00ean d\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111o kh\u1ed1i l\u01b0\u1ee3ng n\u01b0\u1edbc \u1edf c\u00e1c h\u1ed3 c\u00e1, t\u00f4m ho\u1eb7c n\u01b0\u1edbc t\u01b0\u1edbi c\u00e2y,\u2026<\/p>\n

D\u1ee5ng c\u1ee5 n\u00e0y c\u00f3 thang \u0111o \u0111\u1ed9 m\u1eb7n: 0 \u2013 40 ppt (ph\u1ea7n ng\u00e0n). Th\u00eam m\u1ed9t \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t, lo\u1ea1i t\u1ef7 tr\u1ecdng n\u00e0y c\u00f3 gi\u00e1 th\u00e0nh r\u1ebb, kh\u00f4ng qu\u00e1 100.000\u0111, l\u1ea1i d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng, v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh.<\/p>\n

\u2022\u00a0\u00a0 \u00a0T\u1ef7 tr\u1ecdng k\u1ebf trong \u00f4 t\u00f4<\/h4>\n

Gi\u00fap ki\u1ec3m tra ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee7a ch\u1ea5t ch\u1ed1ng \u0111\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0m m\u00e1t \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u01a1 trong xe. C\u1ea5u t\u1ea1o c\u1ee7a thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n, d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng.<\/p>\n

T\u1ef7 tr\u1ecdng k\u1ebf n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ee3 k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt chuy\u00ean nghi\u1ec7p \u00f4 t\u00f4 l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn v\u00e0 tin d\u00f9ng. N\u00f3 gi\u00fap x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh n\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1ed9 ch\u1ea5t nhanh, d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng v\u00e0 ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c. Nh\u1edd n\u00f3 m\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng ti\u1ebft ki\u1ec7m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u th\u1eddi gian thay v\u00ec ph\u1ea3i \u201cc\u00e2n \u0111o \u0111ong \u0111\u1ebfm\u201d.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

NH\u1eeeNG \u0110I\u1ec0U C\u1ea6N BI\u1ebeT V\u1ec0 T\u1ef6 TR\u1eccNG K\u1ebe – Khi nh\u1eafc \u0111\u1ebfn nh\u1eefng d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee5 ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn trong c\u00e1c ph\u00f2ng th\u00ed nghi\u1ec7m, th\u00ec kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 kh\u00f4ng nh\u1eafc t\u1edbi d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee5 […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":1771,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[2,44],"tags":[3,4,5,56],"class_list":["post-831","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-smart-lab-hub","category-ty-trong-ke","tag-smart-lab-hub","tag-thiet-bi-phong-lab","tag-tin-tuc","tag-ty-trong-ke"],"yoast_head":"\nT\u1ef7 tr\u1ecdng k\u1ebf - SmartLab Hub<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Khi nh\u1eafc \u0111\u1ebfn nh\u1eefng d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee5 ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn trong c\u00e1c ph\u00f2ng th\u00ed nghi\u1ec7m, th\u00ec kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 kh\u00f4ng nh\u1eafc t\u1edbi d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee5 r\u1ea5t ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn, \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 t\u1ef7 tr\u1ecdng k\u1ebf.\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.smartlabhub.com.vn\/smart-blog\/nhung-dieu-can-biet-ve-ty-trong-ke-2\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"vi_VN\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"T\u1ef7 tr\u1ecdng k\u1ebf - 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